Going to work is not caused by eating breakfast. It also does not contradict to it.
Preposition
Prepositions form a closed word class, although there are also certain phrases that serve as prepositions, such as in front of.
A single preposition may have a variety of meanings, often including temporal, spatial and abstract. Many words that are prepositions can also serve as adverbs. Examples of common English prepositions (including phrasal instances) are of, in, on, over, under, to, from, with, in front of, behind, opposite, by, before, after, during, through, in spite of or despite, between, among, etc.
A preposition is usually used with a noun phrase as its complement.
A preposition together with its complement is called a prepositional phrase.
Examples are in England, under the table, after six pleasant weeks, between the land and the sea.
A prepositional phrase can be used as a complement or post-modifier of a noun in a noun phrase, as in the man in the car, the start of the fight; as a complement of a verb or adjective, as in deal with the problem, proud of oneself; or generally as an adverb phrase.
English allows the use of "stranded" prepositions. This can occur in interrogative and relative clauses, where the interrogative or relative pronoun that is the preposition's complement is moved to the start (fronted), leaving the preposition in place. This kind of structure is avoided in some kinds of formal English.
For example:
- What are you talking about? (Possible alternative version: About what are you talking?)
- The song that you were listening to ... (more formal: The song to which you were listening ...)
Notice that in the second example the relative pronoun that could be omitted.
Stranded prepositions can also arise in passive voice constructions and other uses of passive past participial phrases, where the complement in a prepositional phrase can become zero in the same way that a verb's direct object would: it was looked at; I will be operated on; get your teeth seen to.
The same can happen in certain uses of infinitive phrases: he is nice to talk to; this is the page to make copies of.
Sentence
A simple sentence consists of only one clause.
A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses.
A complex sentence has at least one independent clause plus at least one dependent clause.
A set of words with no independent clause may be an incomplete sentence, also called a sentence fragment.
A sentence consisting of at least one dependent clause and at least two independent clauses may be called a complex-compound sentence or compound-complex sentence.
- I like trains.
- I don't know how to bake, so I buy my bread already made.
- I enjoyed the apple pie that you bought for me.
- The dog lived in the garden, but the cat, who was smarter, lived inside the house.
- What an idiot.
Sentence 1 is an example of a simple sentence.
Sentence 2 is compound because "so" is considereda coordinating conjunction in English, and sentence 3 is complex.
Sentence 4 is compound-complex (also known as complex-compound).
Example 5 is a sentence fragment.
The simple sentence in example 1 contains one clause.
Example 2 has two clauses (I don't know how to bake and I buy my bread already made), combined into a single sentence with the coordinating conjunction so.
In example 3, I enjoyed the apple pie is an independent clause, and that you bought for me is a dependent clause; the sentence is thus complex.
In sentence 4, The dog lived in the garden and the cat lived inside the house are both independent clauses; who was smarter is a dependent clause.
Example 5 features a noun phrase but no verb.
It is not a grammatically complete clause.
Simple Future
The term simple future, future simple or future indefinite, as applied to English, generally refers to the combination of the modal auxiliary verb will with the bare infinitive of the main verb.
Sometimes (particularly in more formal or old-fashioned English) shall is preferred to will when the subject is first person (I or we).
The auxiliary is often contracted to 'll.
This construction can be used to indicate what the speaker views as facts about the future, including confident predictions:
- The sun will rise tomorrow at 6:14.
- It will rain later this week.
It may be used to describe future circumstances that are subject to some condition:
- He will go there if he can.
However English also has other ways of referring to future circumstances. For planned or scheduled actions the present progressive or simple present may be used. There is also a going-to future, common in colloquial English, which is often used to express intentions or predictions (I am going to write a book some day; I think that it is going to rain). Use of the will/shall construction when expressing intention often indicates a spontaneous decision:
- I know! I'll use this book as a door stop.
Compare I'm going to use..., which implies that the intention to do so has existed for some time.
Use of present tense rather than future constructions in condition clauses and certain other dependent clauses is described below under and. The modal verbs will and shall also have other uses besides indicating future time reference. For example:
- I will pass this exam. (often expresses determination in addition to futurity)
- You will obey me! (insistence)
- I will not do it! (negative insistence, refusal)
- At this moment I will tolerate no dissent. (strong volition)
- He hasn't eaten all day; he will be hungry now. (confident speculation about the present)
- One of his faults is that he will make trouble unnecessarily. (habit)
- Shall we get to work? (suggestion)
Future Progressive
The future progressive or future continuous combines progressive aspect with future time reference; it is formed with the auxiliary will (or shall in the first person, the bare infinitive be, and the present participle of the main verb.
It is used mainly to indicate that an event will be in progress at a particular point in the future:
- This time tomorrow I will be taking my driving test.
- I imagine we will already be eating when you arrive.
The usual restrictions apply, on the use both of the future and of the progressive: simple rather than progressive aspect is used with some stative verbs, and present rather than future constructions are used in many dependent clauses. The same construction may occur when will or shall is given one of its other uses, for example:
- He will be sitting in his study at this time. (confident speculation about the present)
Future Perfect
The future perfect combines aspect with future time reference.
It consists of the auxiliary will (or sometimes shall in the first person, as above), the bare infinitive have, and the past participle of the main verb.
It indicates an action that is to be completed sometime prior to a future time of perspective, or an ongoing action continuing up to a future time of perspective (compare uses of the present perfect above).
- I shall have finished my essay by Thursday.
- When I finally search him he will have disposed of the evidence.
- By next year we will have lived in this house for half a century.
For the use of the present tense rather than future constructions in certain dependent clauses.
The same construction may occur when will or shall is given one of its other meanings; for example:
- He will have had his tea by now. (confident speculation about the present)
- You will have completed this task by the time I return, is that understood? (giving instruction)
Future Perfect Progressive
The future perfect progressive or future perfect continuous combines perfect progressive aspect with future time reference.
It is formed by combining the auxiliary will (or sometimes shall, as above), the bare infinitive have, the past participle been, and the present participle of the main verb.
Uses of the future perfect progressive are analogous to those of the present perfect progressive, except that the point of reference is in the future. For example:
- He will be very tired because he will have been working all morning.
- By 6 o'clock we will have been drinking for ten hours.
For the use of present tense in place of future constructions in certain dependent clauses.
The same construction may occur when the auxiliary (usually will) has one of its other meanings, particularly expressing a confident assumption about the present:
- No chance of finding him sober now; he'll have been drinking all day.
Simple
"Simple" forms of verbs are those appearing in constructions not marked for either progressive or perfect aspect (I go, I don't go, I went, I will go, etc., but not I'm going or I have gone).
Simple constructions normally denote a single action (perfective aspect), as in Brutus killed Caesar, a repeated action (habitual aspect), as in I go to school, or a relatively permanent state, as in We live in Dallas. They may also denote a temporary state (imperfective aspect), in the case of stative verbs that do not use progressive forms.
Compound Sentence
A compound sentence is composed of at least two independent clauses. It does not require a dependent clause.
The clauses are joined by a coordinating conjunction (with or without a comma), a semicolon that functions as a conjunction, a colon instead of a semicolon between two sentences when the second sentence explains or illustrates the first sentence and no coordinating conjunction is being used to connect the sentences, or a conjunctive adverb preceded by a semicolon.
A conjunction can be used to make a compound sentence. Conjunctions are words such as for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so.
Examples:
- I started on time, but I arrived late.
- I will accept your offer or decline it; these are the two options.
- The law was passed: from April 1, all cars would have to be tested.
- The war was lost; consequently, the whole country was occupied.
The use of a comma to separate two independent clauses without the addition of an appropriate conjunction is called a comma splice and is generally considered an error (when used in the English language).
Example:
- The sun was shining, everyone appeared happy.
A2 / Elementary / Pre-intermediate
A CEFR A2 level English language user is considered to be at an elementary level. At this level, an individual is expected to have a basic understanding of the English language and be able to use simple phrases and sentences to communicate in everyday situations. They should be able to understand and use basic grammar and vocabulary, and be able to understand short, simple texts.
At A2 level, They can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of most immediate relevance (e.g. very basic personal and family information, shopping, local geography, employment). They can communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on familiar and routine matters. They can describe in simple terms aspects of their background, immediate environment and matters in areas of immediate need. They can also interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party.
Difficulty: Easy
Easy difficulty. Difficulty levels represent author's opinion about how hard a question or challenge is.