Basics. Adjective + To Infinitive Patterns
Adjective + To Infinitive Patterns
In English, many adjectives are naturally followed by a to infinitive to express feelings, give opinions, or describe how difficult something is. For example, you might say, "I am thrilled to see you," or "This puzzle is hard to solve." Using the to infinitive instead of a gerund (-ing form) after these specific adjectives is a key pattern for sounding natural.
In this challenge, you will practice pairing adjectives with the correct infinitive forms across a variety of fun and dramatic scenarios. You'll help a horrified student whose pet iguana ate their history essay, complete a clumsy wizard's diary, review a ridiculously tall burger that is "impossible to eat," and log an astronaut's struggles with zero-gravity coffee.
You will work through 12 questions featuring a mix of single-choice, multi-choice, drop-down, and drag-and-drop formats.
Try the quiz to check your knowledge!
Adjective
An adjective is a word that describes a noun or pronoun — giving more information about its quality, state, or identity. Adjectives sit either before the noun (a tall building) or after a linking verb (The soup is hot), and they answer questions like what kind?, which one?, or how many?
Getting adjectives right matters for two everyday reasons: their position is fixed (you can't say a redly dress), and when you stack several before a noun, English follows a strict order — opinion, then size, then age, then colour. Break that order and the sentence sounds off even when each word is correct.
Complement
A complement is a word, phrase, or clause that completes the meaning of an expression — what's left dangling without it. After linking verbs like be and seem, a subject complement describes the subject: Ryan is upset, Rachelle is the boss. After certain transitive verbs, an object complement describes the object: That made Michael lazy, We call Rachelle the boss.
Recognising complements helps you tell which sentence parts the verb actually requires versus which are optional extras (adjuncts) — and that in turn shapes when commas are correct.
Gerund
A gerund is the -ing form of a verb used as a noun — swimming, reading, being late. It can sit in any position a noun can: as the subject (Swimming is fun), as the object of a verb (I enjoy swimming), or as the complement of a preposition (She's good at swimming).
Gerunds matter because dozens of common English verbs and almost every preposition force you into the -ing form. Pick the wrong shape — I enjoy to swim, good at to swim — and the sentence sounds clearly off to a native speaker. Knowing which contexts demand a gerund (vs. an infinitive) is what makes verb patterns click.
Infinitive
The infinitive is the basic, unmarked form of a verb, used when no tense or subject agreement is needed. English has two flavours: the to-infinitive (to swim, to read) and the bare infinitive (swim, read). The to-infinitive follows verbs like want, decide, hope, plan (I want to swim); the bare infinitive follows modal verbs (I can swim) and certain causative verbs (Let him go).
Knowing which form to use after which verb is one of the trickiest distinctions in English — closely tied to the parallel choice of gerund (-ing form). I want to swim but I enjoy swimming aren't interchangeable.
Participle
A participle is a verb form that doubles as an adjective or adverb. English has two: the present participle ending in -ing (running, sitting) and the past participle (broken, gone, written). Both build tenses (is running, has gone), but they also stand alone modifying nouns (the broken window) or verbs (Exhausted, we fell asleep).
Participles look like simple parts of speech but pull double duty — most learner errors come from confusing the present participle with the gerund (also -ing but acting as a noun) or the past participle with the past tense.
Phrase
In grammar, a phrase is a group of words (sometimes a single word) that functions as a single unit in a sentence — but doesn't include a subject + verb pair the way a clause does. Common types: noun phrase (the old red car), verb phrase (has been running), prepositional phrase (on the table), adjective phrase (incredibly tired), adverb phrase (very quickly).
Phrases are the building blocks between individual words and full clauses. Recognising them helps you see how sentences hold together — and where you can break, expand, or rearrange them without losing meaning.
Present tense
The present tense in English has four forms: simple present (I work) for habits, general truths, and stative descriptions; present progressive (I am working) for actions happening right now or temporary situations; present perfect (I have worked) for past actions with present relevance; and present perfect progressive (I have been working) for ongoing actions continuing into the present.
The simple/progressive distinction is one of the trickiest jumps for learners — I work in Paris (habitual) and I'm working in Paris (temporary, right now) feel almost identical but signal different things. Pick wrong and your meaning subtly shifts.
Verb
A verb is a word that expresses an action, a state, or an occurrence — the engine of every English sentence. Most verbs have five forms: base (go), -s form (goes), past tense (went), past participle (gone), and -ing form (going). The verb be is the major exception with eight forms; modal verbs like can and must have fewer.
Verbs carry tense (when), aspect (how it unfolds), mood (the speaker's attitude), and voice (active vs passive). Mastering them is foundational — virtually every other grammar topic depends on getting verbs right.
Simple tense
The simple aspect is the unmarked verb form — no progressive -ing, no have + past participle. I go, I went, I will go are simple; I am going, I have gone, I had gone are not. The simple aspect typically marks a single completed action (Brutus killed Caesar), a repeated/habitual action (I go to school every day), or a permanent state (We live in Dallas).
The simple aspect is the foundation everything else builds on. Once it's automatic, switching into progressive (ongoing) or perfect (completed-relative-to-now) becomes a small adjustment rather than a fresh decision.
B1 | Intermediate
B1 is the intermediate level in the CEFR framework — the point where you stop relying on memorised phrases and start handling everyday English independently. At B1 you can describe experiences, explain opinions, and follow most clear standard speech on familiar topics like work, travel, and hobbies.
Grammatically, B1 means combining tenses with precision, building complex sentences, and starting to use passive voice, modal verbs for necessity and possibility, and verb patterns (gerund vs. infinitive). Knowing your level shapes what you study next: pushing too far ahead frustrates you; staying below your level wastes time.
Difficulty: Medium
The Medium difficulty tag marks questions and challenges in the middle of the difficulty range — typically suitable for A2 to B1 learners. Expect a single rule with realistic distractors, longer sentences, and contexts where you have to think before answering rather than reading off the obvious choice.
Filter by Medium when you're past the absolute basics and ready to consolidate. It's the level where most lasting progress happens — easy enough that you can finish without exhausting concentration, hard enough that getting it right means you've actually understood.