Verb

• walk → walk / walks / walked / walked / walking (5 forms, regular)
• go → go / goes / went / gone / going (5 forms, irregular)
• be → am/is/are/was/were/be/being/been (8 forms)
• can → can / could (modal: only 2 forms, no -s, no -ing)

A verb is the one word class every English sentence requires. Carries tense (when), aspect (duration), mood (attitude), and voice (active/passive). Regular verbs add -ed; ~200 irregular verbs have unpredictable past forms.

Key insight: fix your verbs and most grammar problems disappear. Wrong tense, wrong agreement, wrong form — verb errors account for the majority of grammatical mistakes.

Imperative mood

• ✅ Sit down. — command (bare verb, no subject)
• ✅ Don't touch that. — negative imperative
• ✅ Let's go. — first-person inclusive imperative
• ❌ You sit down. — adding you sounds aggressive (only for emphasis/anger)

The imperative mood uses the bare verb form with no stated subject for commands, instructions, requests, and invitations. Negated with don't. Softened with please or replaced by questions (Could you…?) for politeness.

Rule: imperative = base form of verb, no subject, no tense marking. If there's a subject or tense → it's not imperative.

Collocations

• ✅ make a decision — ❌ do a decision
• ✅ strong coffee — ❌ powerful coffee
• ✅ heavy rain — ❌ strong rain
• ✅ highly unlikely — ❌ very unlikely (grammatical, but less natural)

Collocations are word pairs that English habitually puts together. Both options may be grammatically valid, but one sounds native and the other doesn't.

Pattern: there's no logic to predict them — you make decisions but do homework, you have strong coffee but heavy rain. They must be learned as chunks, not deduced from rules.

Vocabulary

• A1: ~500–800 words (survival: family, food, numbers)
• A2: ~1,500–2,500 (routine: work, leisure, basic phrasal verbs)
• B1: ~2,500–4,000 (opinions, news, abstract topics)
• B2: ~4,000–6,000 (register precision, hedging, idioms)
• C1: ~6,000–10,000 (academic, register sensitivity)
• C2: 10,000+ (literary, rare, full style range)

Vocabulary covers word-level practice: individual words, collocations, phrasal verbs, idioms. Organised by CEFR level. Grammar tells you HOW to build sentences; vocabulary gives you WHAT to put in them.

A1 | Elementary | Beginners

• ✅ My name is Anna. — present simple of be
• ✅ Where is the station? — basic *wh-*question
• ✅ I have two brothers. — possession with have
• ✅ She likes coffee. — third-person -s

These are A1 sentences — the starting level of the CEFR framework. At A1 you can introduce yourself, ask and answer simple personal questions, and handle basic everyday transactions using present tense, be/have/do, and core vocabulary.

If you can say these but freeze at normal speaking speed, you're solidly A1 — and that's exactly where to start.

Easy

• She is a teacher. — one verb form, one rule
• I have two cats. — basic possession, short sentence
• He doesn't like coffee. — simple negation with do-support
• Only one answer is clearly correct; distractors are obviously wrong.

Easy marks beginner-level challenges: A1–early A2, one rule at a time, everyday vocabulary, no trick questions.

Use "Easy" when you want to build confidence on a specific rule without interference from other grammar or tricky contexts.