Help an angry food critic finish their scathing restaurant review by choosing the correct participle phrase.

____ to wait in the freezing rain for over an hour, the disgruntled customers finally gave up and went home.

The correct answer is Having been forced.

We use a perfect passive participle clause (having been + past participle) to show that an action was done to the subject before the action in the main clause. The customers didn't force anyone else; they were forced to wait.