Preposition

• ✅ interested in — ❌ interested on
• ✅ good at football — ❌ good in football
• ✅ depend on — ❌ depend of
• ✅ arrive at the station — ❌ arrive to the station

Prepositions link nouns to the rest of the sentence: time (at 5pm), place (in London), manner (with care), abstract (afraid of). Most are idiomatic — the "correct" preposition must be memorised with each verb/adjective combination.

Rule: there is no universal rule. English prepositions are learned by combination: interested IN, good AT, depend ON, afraid OF. Your native language's equivalent will often mislead.

Imperative mood

• ✅ Sit down. — command (bare verb, no subject)
• ✅ Don't touch that. — negative imperative
• ✅ Let's go. — first-person inclusive imperative
• ❌ You sit down. — adding you sounds aggressive (only for emphasis/anger)

The imperative mood uses the bare verb form with no stated subject for commands, instructions, requests, and invitations. Negated with don't. Softened with please or replaced by questions (Could you…?) for politeness.

Rule: imperative = base form of verb, no subject, no tense marking. If there's a subject or tense → it's not imperative.

Phrasal verb

• give up = quit — ≠ give + up literally
• come across = find by chance — ≠ come + across literally
• put up with = tolerate — 3-word phrasal verb
• look into = investigate — ≠ physically look inside something

Phrasal verbs = verb + particle/preposition forming a unit with non-literal meaning. There are thousands, and they dominate casual native English. They must be learned as whole units.

Key fact: the particle completely changes the verb's meaning. Look up (search), look after (care for), look into (investigate), look down on (disrespect) — all different.

Collocations

• ✅ make a decision — ❌ do a decision
• ✅ strong coffee — ❌ powerful coffee
• ✅ heavy rain — ❌ strong rain
• ✅ highly unlikely — ❌ very unlikely (grammatical, but less natural)

Collocations are word pairs that English habitually puts together. Both options may be grammatically valid, but one sounds native and the other doesn't.

Pattern: there's no logic to predict them — you make decisions but do homework, you have strong coffee but heavy rain. They must be learned as chunks, not deduced from rules.

Directions

• ✅ Turn left at the traffic lights. — preposition of place
• ✅ Go past the bank and it's on your right. — movement preposition
• ✅ Excuse me, how do I get to the station? — standard asking phrase
• ✅ Take the second turning on the left. — imperative for instructions

Directions covers the language of asking for and giving location instructions: prepositions of place/movement, imperative verbs (turn, go, take, cross), and set phrases.

Pattern: directions use imperatives (no subject) + prepositions of movement (along, past, through, across) + landmarks as reference points.

Vocabulary

• A1: ~500–800 words (survival: family, food, numbers)
• A2: ~1,500–2,500 (routine: work, leisure, basic phrasal verbs)
• B1: ~2,500–4,000 (opinions, news, abstract topics)
• B2: ~4,000–6,000 (register precision, hedging, idioms)
• C1: ~6,000–10,000 (academic, register sensitivity)
• C2: 10,000+ (literary, rare, full style range)

Vocabulary covers word-level practice: individual words, collocations, phrasal verbs, idioms. Organised by CEFR level. Grammar tells you HOW to build sentences; vocabulary gives you WHAT to put in them.

A1 | Elementary | Beginners

• ✅ My name is Anna. — present simple of be
• ✅ Where is the station? — basic *wh-*question
• ✅ I have two brothers. — possession with have
• ✅ She likes coffee. — third-person -s

These are A1 sentences — the starting level of the CEFR framework. At A1 you can introduce yourself, ask and answer simple personal questions, and handle basic everyday transactions using present tense, be/have/do, and core vocabulary.

If you can say these but freeze at normal speaking speed, you're solidly A1 — and that's exactly where to start.

Easy

• She is a teacher. — one verb form, one rule
• I have two cats. — basic possession, short sentence
• He doesn't like coffee. — simple negation with do-support
• Only one answer is clearly correct; distractors are obviously wrong.

Easy marks beginner-level challenges: A1–early A2, one rule at a time, everyday vocabulary, no trick questions.

Use "Easy" when you want to build confidence on a specific rule without interference from other grammar or tricky contexts.