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Complete the food critic's dramatic review of a catastrophic restaurant opening by choosing the best participle phrase for each gap.
___________________________ under the dessert cart, the head chef refused to come out and face the angry customers.
_____________________________ completely raw chicken, we simply stared at the waiter in absolute disbelief.
___________________________ by the sheer chaos of the evening, I decided to cancel my order and grab a slice of pizza on the way home.
Hiding under the dessert cart...
We use the present participle (-ing) for an active action happening at the same time as the main clause ("While he was hiding...").
Having been served completely raw chicken...
We use the passive perfect participle (having been + past participle) because the critics received the chicken (passive) and the action happened before they stared at the waiter.
Overwhelmed by the sheer chaos...
We use the past participle (-ed) to describe how someone feels or to give a passive reason ("Because I was overwhelmed...").