Article

• ✅ an hour — ❌ a hour (vowel sound → an)
• ✅ a university — ❌ an university (consonant sound /j/ → a)
• ✅ I love coffee — ❌ I love the coffee (generic uncountable → zero article)
• ✅ the sun — ❌ a sun (unique referent → the)

Articles (a/an, the, and the zero article) signal whether a noun is specific or general. A/an introduces something new; the points to something already known or unique.

Pattern: a/an = "one of many, first mention." The = "you know which one." Zero article = generic or uncountable.

English Grammar Basics

• She is a teacher. — verb be + noun complement
• He runs every day. — present simple, third-person -s
• They don't like coffee. — negation with do-support
• I have two cats. — possession, countable noun, no article before plurals

These sentences demonstrate English Grammar Basics — the foundational patterns every other topic builds on: parts of speech, basic tenses, articles, and simple sentence structure.

If you can identify the verb, the subject, and count the noun correctly, you've nailed the basics that make everything else click.

Vocabulary

• A1: ~500–800 words (survival: family, food, numbers)
• A2: ~1,500–2,500 (routine: work, leisure, basic phrasal verbs)
• B1: ~2,500–4,000 (opinions, news, abstract topics)
• B2: ~4,000–6,000 (register precision, hedging, idioms)
• C1: ~6,000–10,000 (academic, register sensitivity)
• C2: 10,000+ (literary, rare, full style range)

Vocabulary covers word-level practice: individual words, collocations, phrasal verbs, idioms. Organised by CEFR level. Grammar tells you HOW to build sentences; vocabulary gives you WHAT to put in them.

B1 | Intermediate

• ✅ If I had more time, I would travel more. — second conditional
• ✅ The bridge was built in 1920. — passive voice
• ✅ She said she was tired. — reported speech with backshift
• ✅ Although it rained, we enjoyed the trip. — complex sentence with concession

These are B1 patterns — the CEFR intermediate level. At B1 you link ideas, use passive voice, handle reported speech, and manage second conditional — enough for travel, work basics, and everyday independence.

Marker: if you can explain why something happened and follow a news story, you're B1.

Medium

• If I were you, I would apologise. — one rule (second conditional), but distractors like was tempt you
• Answers require active thought, not instant pattern recognition
• Vocabulary and context are realistic, not artificially simplified
• Usually tests one rule, but the wrong answers are plausible

Medium marks middle-difficulty challenges: A2–B1, one rule tested, but with realistic distractors that require genuine understanding.

Use "Medium" when Easy feels too obvious but Hard feels overwhelming. This is where most productive learning happens — the sweet spot of difficulty.