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Step into the shoes of a meticulous peer reviewer! Select ALL the sentences that correctly apply articles to abstract nouns in this psychology journal submission.
The correct answers are Intelligence is heavily influenced by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. and The intelligence of the cephalopods observed in the study surprised the marine biologists.
Abstract nouns (like intelligence, behavior, or motivation) take the zero article (no article) when speaking about the concept in a broad, general sense.
However, when an abstract noun is restricted or specified by a post-modifying phrase (such as the prepositional phrase "of the cephalopods observed in the study"), it becomes a specific instance of that concept and requires the definite article (the).